بررسی ویژگی‌های امولسیون چند لایه حاوی روغن هسته انگور ریز پوشانی شده

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری بهداشت مواد غذایی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 گروه بهداشت مواد غذایی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 گروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز،شیراز، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: روغن هسته انگور منبع فراوانی از اسید‌های چرب امگا 9 وامگا 6 است، اما مشکلات مربوط به تولید غذای غنی شده با این اسید‌های چرب (اسید‌های چرب ضروری غالب در روغن هسته انگور) با اکسیداسیون خود به خودی اسید‌های چرب زنجیره بلند همراه می‌باشد که منجر به مدت نگهداری کمتر می‌شود و به دلیل مواد ماهیت آبگریز و خصوصیات ناپایدار آن‌ها، به سختی در آب حل شده و به راحتی نیز اکسید می‌شوند، که منجر به تخریب و بروز عطر و طعم نامطلوب می‌گردد. بنابراین لازم است سیستم‌های رسانش موثر توسعه پیدا نماید که بتوان روغن هسته انگور را در مواد غذایی مایع به طور موثر‌تری بکار برد. اخیرا تهیه امولسیون‌ها با استفاده از روش لایه‌به‌لایه به دلیل داشتن مزیت‌های مختلف از جمله ریزپوشانی کامل لیپید‌ها، جلوگیری از ترکیبات اکسیدکننده و کنترل انتشار ترکیبات زیست فعال، مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته است.
مواد و روش ها: برای تهیه امولسیون تک‌لایه، روغن هسته انگور به محلول ژلاتین 1% اضافه و با هموژنایزر هموژنیزه شد. برای امولسیون دو‌لایه امولسیون اولیه با محلول کیتوزان 2% مخلوط و بعد از تنظیم pH با هموژنایزر هموژنیزه شد. برای تهیه امولسیون سه‌لایه، محلول صمغ بذر ریحان به امولسیون دو‌لایه اضافه گردید و مجدد با هموژنایزر هموژنیزه شد. سپس اندازه ذره، ویسکوزیته، پتانسیل زتا، کدورت و ضریب شکست، اندیس پراکسید و تیوباربیتوریک اسید نمونه‌ها طی مدت نگهداری یک ماهه در دو دمای 4 و 25 درجه سانتی‌گراد بررسی شدند.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین پایداری هر سه امولسیون تک‌لایه، دو‌لایه و سه‌لایه در 5pH= بود و با افزایش تعداد لایه‌های امولسیون چندلایه روغن هسته انگور پایداری افزایش پیدا کرد. در واقع در این pH، ژلاتین، کیتوزان و صمغ دانه ریحان به ترتیب دارای بار‌های منفی، مثبت و منفی بودند و برهمکنش‌های الکترواستاتیک قوی بین پلیمر‌های زیستی رخ داد که پس از آن امولسیون‌های چندلایه پایدار شدند. پس از دوره نگهداری یک ماهه امولسیون‌ها، اندازه ذرات، ویسکوزیته، کدورت، ضریب شکست، اندیس پراکسید و تیوباربیتوریک اسید افزایش یافت. همچنین در طول یک ماه دوره نگهداری با بررسی پارامتر‌های فیزیکو‌شیمیایی (اندازه ذره، ویسکوزیته، کدورت و ضریب شکست) پایداری امولسیون‌ها در دمای یخچالی بیشتر از دمای محیطی بود.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که کیتوزان و صمغ دانه ریحان می‌‌توانند برای تشکیل لایه‌‌های پوششی در اطراف قطرات چربی مانند امولسیون‌های غذایی مورد استفاده قرار گیرند، که می‌‌تواند اکسیداسیون لیپید را مهار کنند و پایداری اسید‌های چرب غیر‌اشباع ضروری را افزایش دهند. پس از بررسی آزمون‌های فیزیکو‌شیمیایی و پایداری فیزیکی مشخص شد که امولسیون سه‌لایه نسبت به دو امولسیون دیگر در حفظ این ویژگی‌ها در طول زمان اثربخشی بیشتری داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

IInvestigating the properties of multilayer emulsion containing encapsulated of grape seed oil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marziyeh Sepidnameh 1
  • Ali Fazlara 2
  • Mehdi Pourmahdibrojeni 2
  • Seyed Mohammad Hashem Hosseini 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 3 Department of Food Industry Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Grape seed oil is a rich source of omega-9 and omega-6 fatty acids, but the problems related to the production of food enriched with omega-9 and omega-6 fatty acids (the predominant essential fatty acids in grape seed oil) It is accompanied by the spontaneous oxidation of long chain fatty acids, which leads to a shorter shelf life, and due to their hydrophobic and unstable properties, they are difficult to dissolve in water and are easily oxidized, which leads to destruction and emergence The flavor becomes unpleasant. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective delivery systems that can use grape seed oil in liquid foods more effectively. Recently, the preparation of emulsions using the layer-by-layer (LBL) method has received a lot of attention due to its various advantages, including the complete encapsulation of lipids, preventing the attack of peroxides and controlling the release of bioactive compounds.
Materials and methods: To prepare multilayer emulsion, grape seed oil was added to 1% gelatin solution and homogenized with a homogenizer. For the secondary emulsion, the primary emulsion was mixed with 2% chitosan solution and homogenized with a homogenizer after adjusting the pH. To prepare a three-layer emulsion, basil seed gum solution was added to the double-layer emulsion and homogenized again. Then, the particle size, viscosity, zeta potential, turbidity and refractive index, peroxide and thiobarbituric acid index of the samples were checked during one month of storage at two temperatures of 4 and 25 .
Results: The results showed that the maximum stability of single-layer, double-layer and three-layer emulsions was at pH 5, and the stability increased with the increase in the number of layers of grape seed oil multilayer emulsion. In fact, at this pH, gelatin, chitosan, and basil seed gum have negative, positive, and negative charges, respectively, and strong electrostatic interactions occur between biopolymers, after which LBL emulsions become stable. After the one-month storage period of emulsions, the particle size, viscosity, turbidity, refractive index, peroxide and thiobarbituric acid value have increased. Also, during the one-month storage period, by examining the physicochemical parameters (particle size, viscosity, zeta potential, turbidity and refractive index), the stability of emulsions at refrigerator temperature was higher than at ambient temperature.
Conclusion: The results show that chitosan and basil seed gum can be used to form coating layers around fat droplets such as food emulsions, which can inhibit lipid oxidation and increase the stability of essential unsaturated fatty acids. Also, after study of the physicochemical and physical stability examination, it was found that the three-layer emulsion was more effective in maintaining these characteristics over time than the other two emulsions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • grape seed oil""
  • multilayer emulsion""
  • gelatin""
  • chitosan""
  • basil seed gum
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