ارزیابی خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی، مکانیکی و ضدمیکروبی فیلم خوراکی ژلاتین حاوی اسانس پونه

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی بهداشت مواد غذایی، دانشکده پیرادامپزشکی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه صنایع غذایی،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

3 کارشناسی‌ارشد باکتری شناسی دامپزشکی، دانشکده پیرادامپزشکی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: به منظور کاهش استفاده از آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها، افزودنی‌ها و نگهدارنده‌های شیمیایی می‌توان در ترکیب بسته‌بندی‌ها از مواد ضدمیکروبی طبیعی استفاده نمود. در پژوهش‌های مربوط به ساخت و ارزیابی فیلم‌های خوراکی در سال‌های اخیر استفاده از انواع اسانس (مانند اسانس میخک، دارچین، زنجبیل و ریحان) برای محافظت میکروبی، به تعویق انداختن فساد مواد غذایی (شیمیایی و میکروبی) و کاهش ضایعات غذایی جایگاه قابل توجهی به دست آورده‌اند. فیلم‌های حاوی ژلاتین مقاومت مکانیکی مناسبی دارند و این ماده به دلیل داشتن خاصیت تشکیل ژل(وجود آمینواسیدهای پرولین و هیدروکسی پرولین) می‌تواند در تولید فیلم خوراکی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. با توجه به فراوانی و در دسترس بودن پونه در کشورمان و با توجه به قیمت ارزان ژلاتین، این نوع ترکیب فیلم سابقه پژوهشی ندارد و می تواند الگویی جهت استفاده زیاد آن در مواد غذایی قرار بگیرد.
مواد و روش ها: در این پژوهش به بررسی تاثیر غلظتهای مختلف اسانس پونه بر پایه ژلاتین و ارزیابی ویژگیهای فیلم خوراکی پرداخته شد. متغیر مستقل شامل غلظتهای مختلف اسانس پونه (0%، 25/1%، 5/2% و 75/3%) و متغیرهای وابسته شامل آزمایشات فیزیکوشیمیایی(حلالیت، نفوذپذیری به بخار، ضخامت و کدورت)، آزمایشات مکانیکی(ازدیاد طول تا نقطه شکست، مقاومت به کشش و مودل یانگ)، خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی و فعالیت ضدمیکروبی فیلم های خوراکی بود. تمامی آزمایشات در سه تکرار (3n=) با نمونه‌گیری کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. آنالیز واریانس یکطرفه (ANOVA) و مقایسه میانگین داده‌ها براساس آزمون چند دامنه‌ای دانکن با استفاده از نرم افزار Minitab18 در سطح احتمال 05/0 انجام گرفت.
یافته ها: در این تحقیق بالاترین میزان استحکام کششی و ازدیاد طول در نقطه شکست در تیمار 5/2% بود. در تیمارهای فیلمها، کمترین میزان حلالیت و نفوذپذیری به ترتیب در غلظت 75/3% و 25/1% اسانس مشاهده شد. در تمامی تیمارها کدورت معنی دار نبود و در غلظت اسانس 5/2% بیشترین مقدار را در بین تیمارها به خود اختصاص داد. مقدار ضخامت در غلظت اسانس75/3% بیشترین مقدار 058/0 میلی‌ متر بدست آمد که در همه تیمارها معنی دار نبود(05/0<p). در تمامی تیمارهای فیلم های خوراکی خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی معنی دار بود(05/0>p). بیشترین قطر هاله بازدارندگی در روش دیسک انتشاری در غلظت اسانس 75/3% مربوط به استافیلوکوکوس آورئوس با متوسط mm 26/18 بود. متوسط قطر هاله برای سودوموناس آئروژینوزا و اشریشیاکلی به ترتیب 27/8 و 9/8 میلی‌متر گزارش شد.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد افزودن اسانس پونه به فیلم ژلاتینی در غلظت 5/2 درصد، علاوه بر مهار رشد و تکثیر باکتریها، فیلمهایی با استحکام کافی ایجاد کرده و همچنین در مواد غذایی که قابلیت فسادپذیری را دارا می باشند استفاده دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Characterization of physicochemical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of gelatin edible films containing oregano essence

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parya Miri 1
  • Mohammadyar Hosseini 2
  • Tayeb Saifi 3
1 Bachelor student of food hygiene, Faculty of paraveterinary, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
3 Master of Veterinary Science, Faculty of paraveterinary, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: In order to reduce the use of antibiotics, additives and chemical preservatives, natural antimicrobial substances can be used in the composition of packaging. In the researches related to the production and evaluation of edible films in recent years, the use of essential oils (such as clove, cinnamon, ginger and basil essential oils) for microbial protection, delay food spoilage (chemical and microbial) and reducing food waste has a significant place. Films containing gelatin have good mechanical resistance and this substance can be used in the production of edible film due to its gel-forming properties (the presence of proline and hydroxyproline amino acids). Considering the abundance and availability of oregano in our country and considering the cheap price of gelatin, this type of film composition has no research history and can be a patent for its wide use in food.
Materials and methods: In this research, the effect of different concentrations of oregano essential oil on gelatin was investigated and the properties of the edible film were evaluated. The independent variable includes different concentrations of oregano essential oil (0%, 1.25%, 2.5% and 3.75%) and the dependent variables include physicochemical tests (solubility, vapor permeability, thickness and turbidity), mechanical tests (elongation to the breaking point, tensile strength and Young's model), antioxidant property and antimicrobial activity of edible films. All experiments were performed in three replicates (n=3) with completely random sampling. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison of mean data was performed based on Duncan's multi-range test using Minitab18 software at a probability level of 0.05.
Results: In this research, the highest tensile strength and elongation at break point was 2.5% in the treatment. In the treatments of the films, the lowest solubility and permeability were observed in the concentrations of 3.75% and 1.25% of essential oil, respectively. In all treatments, turbidity was not significant, and in essential oil concentration of 2.5%, it had the highest value among the treatments. The maximum thickness of 3.75% essential oil concentration was 0.058 mm, which was not significant in all treatments (p<0.05). Antioxidant property was significant in all treatments of edible films (p<0.05). The largest diameter of the inhibition halo in the diffusion disk method in the concentration of 3.75% essential oil was related to Staphylococcus aureus with an average of 18.26 mm. The mean halo diameter for Pseudomonas aerogenesa and Escherichia coli was reported to be 8.27 and 8.9 mm, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that adding oregano essential oil to gelatin film at a concentration of 2.5%, in addition to inhibiting the growth and proliferation of bacteria, created films with sufficient strength and als it can also be used in perishable foods .

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oregano essential oil
  • gelatin
  • mechanical properties
  • antioxidant
  • edible film
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