تولید پنیر سفید آب نمکی فرا سود مند با استفاده از جایگزینی چربی شیر با روغن هسته انگور

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد ماکو، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ماکو، ایران

2 گروه صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

تولید پنیر سفید آب نمکی فراسودمند با استفاده از جایگزینی چربی شیر با روغن هسته انگور
چکیده:
سابقه و هدف: پنیر یکی از محصولات لبنی باارزش است که مصرف زیادی در جهان و ایران دارد. در سال‌های اخیر، به دلیل افزایش بیماری‌های مرتبط با چربی ازجمله بیماری‌های قلبی عروقی و چاقی، جایگزینی چربی پنیر با روغن‌های حاوی اسیدهای چرب فراسودمند و اسیدهای چرب کمتر اشباع، مورد توجه بوده است. هدف از این پژوهش جایگزینی بخشی از چربی شیر با روغن هسته انگور که حاوی اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع و ضروری است، برای تولید پنیر فراسودمند بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: شیر تازه از گاوداری‌های ماکو تهیه و بعد از گرفتن چربی آن، با مخلوط کردن روغن هسته انگور بار علامت تجاری اولیتالیا و خامه با نسبت‌های 25:75، 50:50 و 75:25 چربی شیر تنظیم شد. سپس پنیر سفید آب نمکی به روش مرسوم در صنعت تولید شد. یک نمونه پنیر کنترل نیز از شیر کامل خریداری شده تولید شد. ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی نمونه های پنیر در طول 60 روز رسیدن شامل اسیدیته، pH، چربی، نمک، رطوبت و ویژگی‌های حسی به ترتیب مطابق استاندارد ملی ایران به شماره‌های 2852، 1809، 760 و 4938 اندازه‌گیری شد. اندازه‌گیری شاخص لیپولیز با روش نونز و همکاران و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی گازی انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که pH، اسیدیته، رطوبت، چربی و درصد نمک نمونه‌های پنیر حاوی روغن هسته انگور با نمونه کنترل اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت ولی تأثیر زمان ‌بر ویژگی‌های فوق معنی‌دار بود. نمونه‌های پنیر حاوی روغن هسته انگور، به‌طور معنی‌داری(P < 0.05) دارای اسیدهای چرب ضروری غیراشباع بیشتر و اسیدهای چرب اشباع کمتری در مقایسه با نمونه پنیر کنترل بود، به‌طوری‌که میزان اسید چرب لینولئیک در نمونه‌های کنترل، حاوی 25%، 50%، 75% روغن هسته انگور به ترتیب برابر 3، 17، 20 و 35 درصد و میزان اسید چرب اولئیک به ترتیب 22، 26، 27.5 و 29.5 درصد بود. همچنین شاخص لیپولیز نمونه‌های پنیر حاوی روغن هسته انگور و پنیر کنترل به طور معنی‌داری (P < 0.05) در طول رسیدن پنیر افزایش نشان داد ولی بین نمونه‌ها ازلحاظ شدت لیپولیز اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی حسی نشان داد که پنیر نمونه کنترل ازلحاظ بافت بالاترین امتیاز را داشت ولی پنیر حاوی 75 درصد روغن انگور ازلحاظ رنگ، بو و طعم بالاترین امتیاز را کسب کرد. ازلحاظ مقبولیت کلی نمونه پنیر حاوی 75% روغن هسته انگور امتیاز بیشتری بدست آورد.

نتیجه‌گیری کلی: نتایج این پژوهش امکان جایگزینی چربی پنیر با روغن هسته انگور را برای تولید پنیر سفید آب نمکی فراسودمند و سالم‌تر ازلحاظ تغذیه‌ای نشان داد.



کلمات کلیدی: پنیرسفید آب نمکی، فراسودمند، روغن هسته انگور، چربی شیر

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Production of Functional White- Brined Cheese by the Replacement of Milk Fat with Grape Seed Oil

نویسندگان [English]

  • B. Atashzaban 1
  • A. jalilzadeh 1
  • J. Hesary 2
1 Department of Food science and technology, Maku branch, Islamic Azad University, Maku, Iran.
2 Food Industry Group, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The Production of Functional White- Brined Cheese by the Replacement of Milk Fat with Grape Seed Oil
Abstract:
Background and objectives: Cheese is one of the valuable dairy products which are consumed a lot in Iran and in the world. Due to increasing fat-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and obesity, replacement of cheese with oils containing functional fatty acids and less saturated fatty acids have been seriously taken into consideration in recent years. The aim of this study was the partial replacement of milk fat with grape seed oil which contains essential and unsaturated fatty acids for the production of a functional cheese.
Materials and methods: Fresh milk was prepared from Maku farms and after separation of milk fat, it was standardized by grape seed oil, Olitalia trademark, and cream with the ratios of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25. Then, Cheese samples were produced according to general industrial method. A control cheese sample was produced from whole milk. Physical and chemical properties of cheese samples including pH, acidity, fat, salt, moisture and sensory characteristics during the 60 days of ripening of cheese were measured according to Iranian National Standard Organization test methods, no. 2852, 1809, 760, and 4938 respectively. Measuring lipolysis index and fatty acid profiles were done through Nunez et al. and gas chromatography method respectively.
Results: The results of this research showed that there was no significant difference between pH, acidity, moisture and salt content of samples substituted with grape seed oil and control cheese sample (p <0.05). But the effect of ripening time on mentioned properties was significant. All samples containing grape seed oil had more essential fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and less saturated fatty acids compared to the control, the amount of linoleic acid in control sample and samples containing 25%, 50%, 75% of grape seed oil, were 3, 17, 20 and 35 percent and the amount of oleic acid, 22, 26, 27.5 and 29.5 percent, respectively. The results of sensory evaluation of all treatments showed that in the term of texture, control sample cheese had the highest score, but cheese contains 75 percent grape seed oil gained highest score in color, odor and taste. In term of overall acceptability samples that contain 75% grape seed oil had more score compared to other samples.
Conclusion: The results of this research showed the feasibility of substitution of cheese fat with grape seed oils for the production of more healthy, nutritional and functional white brined cheese.
Key words: White brined cheese, functional, grape seed oil, milk fat

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • White brined cheese
  • functional
  • grape seed oil
  • milk fat
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