بررسی اثر پایدار کنندگی اسانس گیاه رزماری بر روغن‌های آفتابگردان، سویا و چربی حیوانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایران

2 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: روغن ها به دلیل قرار گرفتن طولانی مدت در دماهای بالا و نگهداری و همچنین به دلیل حضور اکسیژن در محیط، دچار تغییرات کیفی به ویژه اکسیداسیون می شوند. استفاده از آنتی اکسیدان یکی از راه های محافظت روغن از اکسیداسیون می باشد. از آنجاییکه اکثر آنتی اکسیدان های مورد استفاده در صنایع غذایی، مصنوعی و برای سلامتی مضر می باشند. بنابراین مطالعات در خصوص استفاده از آنتی اکسیدان های طبیعی به عنوان جایگزین آنتی اکسیدان سنتزی از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. اسانس ها روغن های فرار و محصولات ثانویه گیاهان هستند که امروزه به دلیل اثرات سمی شناخته شده آنتی اکسیدان های مصنوعی، بعنوان آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی در مواد غذایی پایه روغنی استفاده می گردند.
مواد و روش ها: در این پژوهش، اسانس رزماری استخراج شده با کلونجر و تجاری به عنوان آنتی اکسیدانی طبیعی در غلظت های 05/0، 1/0، 2/0 و 5/0 درصد (وزنی/وزنی) جهت سنجش فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی به روغن های آفتابگردان، سویا و دنبه (چربی حیوانی گوسفندی) افزوده شد. ترکیب اسید چرب، اعداد یدی، اندیس پراکسید، زمان پایداری و عدد صابونی تیمارها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین شناسایی اسانس استحصالی با دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتری و ترکیبات موثره دو اسانس با دستگاه طیف سنج نوری انجام شد و خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس ها به روش دی پی پی اچ تعیین گردید.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد میزان ترکیبات موثره شناسایی شده در اسانس تجاری 69/69 درصد و بیشتر از اسانس استحصالی 35/52 درصد بود و توانست رادیکال دی پی پی اچ را به میزان بیشتری مهار کند؛ ترکیب اسیدهای چرب روغن ها و چربی حیوانی با دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی بررسی شد. بیشترین میزان اسید چرب در روغن های سویا و آفتابگردان اسید لینولئیک و در چربی حیوانی بیشترین مقدار اسید اولئیک بود. ارتباط مستقیمی بین میزان کمی ترکیبات موثره شناسایی شده و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس یافت شد. فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی دو اسانس که با روش مهار رادیکال دی پی پی اچ اندازه گیری شد نیز حاکی از آن بود که اسانس تجاری فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی بالاتری داشته است. با افزایش غلظت اسانس این پایداری بیشتر شد بطوریکه بیشترین پایداری در غلظت 5/0 درصد اسانس مشاهده شد. نتایج به دست آمده روند افزایشی عدد پراکسید طی دوره نگهداری را نشان داد که این روند با افزایش میزان اسانس کاهش یافت. عدد یدی و عدد صابونی تیمارها نیز روند کاهشی با افزایش میزان غلظت اسانس را نشان دادند. در تمامی نتایج اسانس تجاری رزماری مطلوب تر از اسانس استحصالی عمل کرد.
نتیجه گیری: در نهایت با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده در پژوهش حاضر، اسانس‌های گیاهی می‌توانند جایگزین مناسبی برای آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های سنتزی باشد و 5/0 درصد اسانس تجاری رزماری در روغن ها و چربی حیوانی پایداری اکسایشی آن ها را بهبود بخشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the effect of essential oil of Rosemary on sunflower oil, soybean oil and tallow fat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Malakeh Razavi MAjd 1
  • Mehrdad Ghavami 1
  • Maryam Gharachorloo 2
1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Unit, Tehran, Islamic Azad University, Iran
2 Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Unit, Tehran, Islamic Azad University, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and objectives: The oils undergo qualitative changes, especially oxidation due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures and storage, as well as due to the presence of oxygen in the environment. Antioxidants is used as one way to protect the oil from oxidation. Most of the antioxidants that used in the food industry are synthetic and harmful to health. Therefore, studies on the use of natural antioxidants as a substitute for synthetic antioxidants are of high importance. Todays, essential oils are volatile oils and secondary products of plants that are used as a natural antioxidant in oil based foods due to the well-known toxic effects of synthetic antioxidants.
Materials and methods: In this research rosemary essential oil (extracted (by Clevenger) and commercial) as a natural antioxidant was added to sunflower oil, soybean oil and tallow fat in concentrations of 0.05. 0.1, 0.2 and 5.0%. Fatty acid composition, iodine value, peroxide value, induction period and saponification value were investigated. Also, identification of essential oils was performed by spectrophotometric and gas chromatography methods. Antioxidant activity of essential oils were determined by DPPH method.
Results: The results showed that the amount of active compounds in commercial samples (69.69%) was higher than those of extraction sample (52.35%) and it scavenge more DPPH radical than commercial type. Linoleic acid was the predominant fatty acid in soybean and sunflower oils but in tallow oleic acid was found in the highest amount. There is a direct relationship between the amount of effective compounds and the antioxidant activity of the essential oil. The antioxidant activity of the two essential oils, measured by the DPPH radical control method, also indicated that the commercial essential oil had a higher antioxidant activity. Increasing the essential oil concentration increased oxidative stability in the samples, and it increased with increasing essential oil concentration, so that the highest stability was observed in the concentration of 0.5% essential oil. The results showed an increase in the amount of peroxide value during the maintenance period, which was lower with an increased in essential oil content. Iodine and saponification value of samples also showed a decreasing trend with increasing concentrations. In all the experiments the commercial essential oil has done more favorable. The results of this research indicate that there is a direct relation between antioxidant essentials activity and the amount of recognized active compounds. Antioxidant essentials trading activity which measured by DPPH radical control method indicated more activity.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained in this study, the use of rosemary essential oils to enhance the shelf life and storage of oil is recommended.


Keywords: sunflower, oxidative stability, rosemary, Tallow, soya beans

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • sunflower
  • oxidative stability
  • rosemary
  • Tallow
  • soya beans
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