غنی‌سازی ماست با گیاه خرفه(Portulaca oleracea): ارزیابی پروفایل اسیدهای چرب و خواص آنتی اکسیدانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم صنایع غذایی، دانشکده صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: در سال‌های اخیر، تمایل به تولید و مصرف غذاهای غنی‌شده در سراسر دنیا رو به افزایش است. شیر و فرآورده‌های لبنی بخش مهمی از غذاهای فراسودمند را تشکیل می‌دهند. ﻣﺎﺳﺖ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺤﺒﻮبﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮآوردهﻫﺎی ﻟﺒﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮوش آن در ﺟﻬﺎن اﻣﺮوز در ﺣﺎل اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺳﺖ. خرفه با نام علمی Portulaca oleracea L و از خانواده‌ Portulacacae، بیشترین میزان آلفا-لینولنیک اسید (امگا_3) را در میان تمام گیاهان سبز برگ دارد و به دلیل اثرات سودمندی که در پیشگیری از برخی بیماری‌ها دارد، می‌تواند به عنوان ماده‌ی افزودنی سلامتی‌بخش در غنی‌سازی مواد غذایی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
مواد و روش‌ها: روغن بذر خرفه با استفاده از دستگاه پرس مارپیچ آزمایشگاهی و عصاره برگ خرفه با استفاده از دستگاه روتاری تحت خلا تغلیظ گردید. سپس روغن، عصاره و ترکیب روغن- عصاره (50:50) در غلظت های مختلف طی تولید ماست به فرمولاسیون اضافه گردید. در این پژوهش، تاثیر روغن بذر، عصاره برگ وترکیبی از روغن بذر و عصاره برگ خرفه در پنج سطح (0، 5/0، 1، 5/1 و 2 درصد) بر میزان اسیدهای چرب به ویژه امگا-3 و خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و حسی (طعم، رنگ، بو، بافت و پذیرش کلی) ماست هم‌زده غنی‌شده طی 21 روز نگهداری در دمای 4 درجه‌سانتی‌گراد و در فواصل زمانی 7 روز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج آماری، در هر سه تیمار ماست غنی شده با روغن، عصاره و ترکیبی از روغن و عصاره، میزان اسیدهای چرب اولئیک اسید، لینولنیک اسید و آلفا-لینولئیک اسید (امگا-3)در تمام سطوح افزایش یافت. همچنین در نمونه‌های غنی شده، بیشترین درصد مهار رادیکال‌های آزاد به ترتیب به نمونه حاوی 1 درصد روغن و نمونه حاوی 2 درصد عصاره و نمونه حاوی 5/1 درصد روغن- عصاره خرفه تعلق داشت. دربین انواع فرمولاسیون ماست غنی‌شده و شاهد، نمونه‌ی حاوی 1 درصد روغن خرفه، از لحاظ ویژگی‌های حسی از بالاترین درجه مطلوبیت برخوردار بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: مهم‌ترین نتیجه‌ی این پژوهش که هدف اصلی پژوهش نیز می‌باشد، فرآیند غنی‌سازی بود. نتایج نشان داد، غنی‌سازی ماست با گیاه خرفه (روغن بذر خرفه، عصاره و ترکیبی از روغن و عصاره خرفه)، سبب افزایش ارزش تغذیه‌ای ماست (امگا-3)، و بهبود خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی شد. بنابراین با استفاده از گیاه خرفه می‌توان به تولید ماستی با ارزش افزوده‌ی بالاتر، ارزش تغذیه‌ای بالاتر همراه با فواید سلامتی‌بخش دست یافت. در واقع با توجه به این که ماست و محصولات لبنی از نظر اسیدهای چرب ضروری و ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی غنی‌ نمی‌باشند، می‌توان با افزودن گیاه خرفه میزان این ترکیبات را در محصولات لبنی افزایش داد.

واژه‌های کلیدی: ماست غنی‌شده، روغن و عصاره خرفه، خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، امگا-3، پروفایل اسیدهای چرب

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Fortification of yogurt with Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea):evalution of its fatty acid profile and antioxidant properties

نویسندگان [English]

  • mahtala salehi
  • Mohammad Ghorbani
  • Alireza Sadeghi Mahoonak
  • Morteza Khomeiri
Faculty of Food Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and purpose: In recent years, the desire to produce and consume fortified foods is increasing worldwide. Milk and dairy products are an important part of functional foods. Portulaca oleracea L, a member of the Portulacacae family, has the highest levels of alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3) among all green leafy vegetables and can be used as a beneficial effect in preventing some diseases and as health-enhancing additive to enrich foods.
Materials and Methods: the essential oil of Portulaca oleracea was extracted using a laboratory spiral press machine and portulaca leaf extract was concentrated using a vacuum rotary apparatus. Then essential oil, extract and essential oil-extract blend (50:50) in different concentrations during yogurt production were added to the formulation. In this study, the effect of seed essential oil, leaf extract and a blend of seed essential oil and portulaca leaf extract in five levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%) on the amount of fatty acids, especially omega-3 and antioxidant and sensory properties (taste, color, odor, texture, and general acceptance) of stirred yogurt were examined for 21 days at 4ᵒc and at 7-day intervals.
Results: According to statistical results, in all three treatments of yogurt enriched with essential oil, extract and a combination of essential oil and extract, the amount of oleic acid, linolenic acid and alpha-linoleic acid (omega-3) increased in all levels. Also, in the enriched samples, the highest percentage of free radical control belonged to the sample containing 1% essential oil and the sample containing 2% extract and the sample containing 1.5% essential oil-extract respectively. Among the types of fortified yogurts formulations and control, the sample containing 1% of portulaca essential oil had the highest degree of desirability in terms of sensory characteristics.
Conclusion: The most important result of this study, which is the main purpose of this study, was the enrichment process. The results showed that the enrichment of yogurt with portulaca oleracea (portulaca seed essential oil, extract and a combination of essential oil and extract) increased the nutritional value of yogurt (omega-3), and improved antioxidant properties. Therefore, by using portulaca oleracea, it is possible to produce yogurt with higher added value , higher nutritional value along with health benefits. In fact, due to the fact that yogurt and dairy products are not rich in terms of essential fatty acids and antioxidant compounds, the amount of these compounds in dairy products can be increased by adding portulaca oleracea.
Keywords: fortified yogurt, portulaca oleracea essential oil and extract, antioxidant properties, omega-3, fatty acid profile

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • fortified yogurt
  • portulaca oleracea essential oil and extract
  • antioxidant properties
  • omega-3
  • fatty acid profile
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